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Inventing the Indigenous: Local Knowledge and Natural History in Early Modern Europe, by Alix Cooper
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In the wake of expanding commercial voyages, many people in early modern Europe became curious about the plants and minerals around them and began to compile catalogs of them. Drawing on cultural, social and environmental history, as well as the histories of science and medicine, this book argues that, amidst a growing reaction against exotic imports -- whether medieval spices like cinnamon or new American arrivals like chocolate and tobacco -- learned physicians began to urge their readers to discover their own "indigenous" natural worlds. In response, compilers of local inventories created numerous ways of itemizing nature, from local floras and regional mineralogies to efforts to write the natural histories of entire territories. Tracing the fate of such efforts, the book provides new insight into the historical trajectory of such key concepts as indigeneity and local knowledge.
- Sales Rank: #1583408 in Books
- Published on: 2010-01-07
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .55" w x 5.98" l, .77 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 236 pages
Review
"Cooper has produced a succinct and judicious study that contributes much to our understanding of the development of natural history and environmentalism in Europe. It is a powerful reminder of how patriotism and suspicions about the global economy of the day created a movement to study indigenous expressions of nature. But it also shows how such attempts, when entered into dialogue with studies of the larger natural world, led to the appropriation and silencing of the knowledge of local people. It deserves to be widely read."
-Harold J. Cook, Professor and Director, the Welcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London
"Finally a book that explains the rich cultural history of the 'indigenous.' Cooper's book is smart, highly readable, and a treasure trove of information for understanding how Early Modern Europeans viewed nature in their own backyard."
-Londa Schiebinger, John L. Hinds Professor of History of Science, Stanford University, and author of Plants and Empire
"Alix Cooper[...]adds a wealth of interesting and significant detail by looking at less well known authors and their works, revealing how the lessons of earlier scholarship can be extended to cover other parts of Europe, and other thinkers. The result is a valuable addition to the literature on the development of early modern natural history."
-John Henry, University of Edinburgh, American Historical Review
"Cooper's study deserves to be widely read."
-Christopher Cumo, Canadian Journal of History
"Cooper's study is invaluable, well informed, and, in making a case for the role of German territories and of learned local physicians in the pursuit of natural history, imaginative and challenging in its focus. It brings to light important sources that would otherwise remain obscure and makes a convincing case for their relevance among the practices of natural knowledge in the early modern era."
-Bruce T. Moran, Journal of Interdisciplinary History
"This is a highly stimulating history of the indigenous and local in early modern Europe." -Fredrik Albritton Jonsson, Journal of Modern History
About the Author
Alix Cooper is Assistant Professor of History at Stony Brook University, where she teaches early modern European history and the histories of science, medicine, and the environment.
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A fine work that deserves a wide readership
By Brian W. Ogilvie
With Inventing the Indigenous, Alix Cooper has produced an engaging, well-written, and innovative book that should attract a wide readership among historians of biology and natural history, early modern science more generally, and scholars of early modern European cultural history (especially those who focus on the Holy Roman Empire). Cooper argues convincingly that the category of "indigenous" was not self-evident; instead, it was the product of travel, commerce, and colonial expansion. From the beginning of Cooper's story, indigenous or local nature was defined in opposition to what was exotic, strange, or foreign. Throughout the book, moreover, she demonstrates how local natural histories--local floras, local geological works, and more comprehensive accounts--were produced with an eye to contrasting localities and their natural products. Local natural history was embedded in an international network. By alternating between local contexts and the bigger picture, Cooper draws attention to the mechanisms through which local knowledge, and local ways of knowing, were universalized. She also draws attention to how local conditions sometimes limited the universalization of ways of knowing, as in chapter 4, where she demonstrates that the English "county history" model of natural history simply did not fit conditions in most of central Europe. Instead, central European scholars produced works that were more suited to their own intellectual and institutional positions.
Inventing the Indigenous is based on a wide range of published primary sources and carefully chosen manuscript sources. It shows an awareness of contemporary debates in the history of early modern science, without being bogged down in trivial historiographical disputes. Cooper provides a salutary correction to contemporary work on the history of seventeenth-century natural history, which has tended to emphasize the study of exotic plants, animals, and minerals in the context of exploration and colonial expansion (e.g. the recent volume edited by Londa Schiebinger and Claudia Swan on colonial botany). She shows how central Europeans came to know their own local flora and geology better than anything else. But she is equally attentive to how this local knowledge was, in fact, the knowledge of a select group of literate, university-educated scholars, and to how it excluded other ways of knowing about nature.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
An extraordinarily important book.
By R. R. Wilk
Disguised under the placid facade of a history of botanical knowledge in 16th century central Europe, Alix Cooper has written an explosive and important work, which has deep implications for our understanding of the origins of nationalism and the definition of locality. Europeans have always assumed that they have always known who they were, that the sense of the local, of 'terroir' is somehow natural and is a precursor to nationalism and the discovery of the foreign worlds during the age of exploration. Cooper's book stands this on its head. It tears the rug out from under so much of what has been thought and written about European intellectual history - it is going to be years before people really see all the implications.
I predict that eventually people are going to see this as one of the truly important and pathbreaking pieces of historical research written in the early part of the 21st century. Its should be as big as Benedict Anderson's "The Imagined Community" or Hobsbawm and Ranger's "The Invention of Tradition." The book really has that kind of breadth and depth. Most intriguing of all, it shows us how the very origins of natural science as we know it today were involved in the invention of locality, as part of the reaction to the first waves of imported medicines and drug foods coming from the New World, Africa and Asia.
1 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Indigenous or not-indigenous
By Alain Touwaide
Interesting book, the view of which might be challenged by widening the perspective. Local science and localism of science were a constant issue in pre-Renaissance practice, as science was repeatedly transferred from one area to another, one group to another, one time-period to another, and one context to another (be it natural, human, social, economic or other), with, every single time, different backgrounds, different environmental contexts, or (to mention just these) different resources and needs.
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